The digital health market sits at $573B globally (2025). U.S. hospital EHR adoption: 99%+. AI in hospital EHRs: 71% predictive, 31.5% generative. Healthcare breach cost: $7.42M average. Telehealth market: $153B (2025). Healthcare IT CAGR: 15–16.6% through 2034.
| Sector / Metric | Stat Value | Primary Driver | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global Digital Health Market | $573.3B | AI, chronic disease burden, cloud migration | 2025 | IMARC Group |
| Healthcare IT Market (Global) | $354B | EHR expansion, analytics, interoperability | 2025 | Fortune Business Insights |
| Digital Health CAGR (2026–2034) | 15.0% | Value-based care, AI diagnostics, RPM | 2026–2034 | IMARC Group |
| U.S. Hospital EHR Adoption | >99% | HITECH Act mandates, CMS incentive programs | 2024 | ONC |
| Predictive AI in Hospital EHRs | 71% | Vendor bundling, sepsis detection, risk scores | 2024 | ONC / AHA IT Survey |
| Generative AI in Hospital EHRs | 31.5% | AI scribes, ambient documentation, LLM notes | 2024 | JAMA Network Open (Dec 2025) |
| Global Telehealth Market | $153.8B | Behavioral health demand, hybrid care models | 2025 | Towards Healthcare |
| Avg Healthcare Data Breach Cost | $7.42M | Ransomware, regulatory penalties, PHI value | 2025 | IBM Cost of a Data Breach 2025 |
Data last reviewed: September 2026. All monetary figures in U.S. dollars unless stated. Market projections are from independent research firms and subject to revision as annual actuals are published.
What Is Healthcare Technology?
The term gets used loosely across industries, which leads to statistical confusion. A consumer fitness app and a hospital-grade AI diagnostic tool both fall under "digital health" in many market reports, but their regulatory pathways, reimbursement models, and clinical evidence requirements are entirely different. This page distinguishes between five categories that researchers and executives track separately.
| Category | What It Includes | Regulatory Pathway |
|---|---|---|
| Digital Health (Broad) | Wellness apps, consumer wearables, EHRs, telehealth, mHealth | Mixed; consumer apps often unregulated |
| Health IT / Health Information Technology | EHRs, hospital databases, billing systems, clinical decision support | ONC certification, CMS incentives |
| Telemedicine / Virtual Care | Remote clinical consultations between licensed providers and patients | State licensure, Medicare/Medicaid coverage rules |
| Medical IoT / Remote Patient Monitoring | Connected medical hardware, wearable telemetry, implantable sensors | FDA 510(k) clearance or PMA where applicable |
| AI in Healthcare | Diagnostic algorithms, ambient documentation, predictive risk models | FDA AI/ML-enabled device framework (SaMD) |
A report counting consumer wellness apps alongside clinical EHRs will produce a much larger "digital health" figure than one limited to regulated medical software. Always check the scope definition before comparing figures from different sources. The $573B and $354B figures cited on this page use different scope definitions and are not directly comparable to each other.
Global Healthcare Technology Market Size and CAGR
Two market frames dominate analyst reports: the broad digital health umbrella and the narrower health IT segment focused on enterprise software and infrastructure.
The healthcare IT segment alone was valued at $354 billion in 2025 and is projected to grow from $402 billion in 2026 to $1.38 trillion by 2034, a CAGR of 16.65%, according to Fortune Business Insights. North America accounted for 43.2% of that segment's revenue in 2025.
| Segment | 2025 Value | 2034 Projection | CAGR | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global Digital Health (broad) | $573.3B | $2,088.1B | 15.0% | IMARC Group (2026) |
| Global Healthcare IT | $354.0B | $1,380.5B | 16.65% | Fortune Business Insights (2025) |
| Global Telehealth | $153.8B | $1,402.1B | 24.73% | Towards Healthcare (2026) |
| AI in Remote Patient Monitoring | ~$785M opportunity | ~$5.0B | 27.6% | Technavio (2025) |
| EHR Software Market | $32.5B* | $47.2B (2027) | ~4.5% | Various (Towards Healthcare, Pragmatic Coders) |
*EHR market size estimates vary considerably by scope definition. Figures shown reflect approximate consensus across published reports as of 2025–2026.
What is driving this growth?
Three forces explain most of the acceleration. First, chronic disease burden: the aging global population drives sustained demand for continuous monitoring, remote care, and predictive analytics. Second, AI maturation: machine learning models trained on electronic health records now perform diagnostic tasks at clinically validated accuracy levels, giving health systems financial justification to deploy them. Third, regulatory tailwinds: policies including the U.S. 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule on information blocking (effective 2021–2023) and ongoing CMS value-based care payment reforms have reduced structural barriers to data sharing and technology investment.
Evolution of Health Technology (1990s to Present)
| Era | Core Infrastructure | Primary Software | Key Milestone |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | On-premises servers, LANs | Early practice management software | First hospital information systems; paper-to-digital billing conversion begins |
| 2000s | Desktop client-server EHRs | Epic, Cerner, Meditech early versions | Medicare Modernization Act (2003); early EHR pilots in academic medical centers |
| 2009–2015 | Networked EHR systems | Certified EHR technology (CEHRT) | HITECH Act (2009) allocates $27B for EHR adoption; Meaningful Use Stage 1–2 mandates |
| 2016–2019 | Cloud-connected EHR modules | Interoperability APIs, patient portals | 21st Century Cures Act (2016); FHIR R4 standard publication (2019) |
| 2020–2022 | Cloud-native platforms, telehealth infrastructure | Telehealth, RPM, COVID-driven digital tools | COVID-19 telehealth waiver boosts virtual visits from 15% to 86%+ of eligible encounters |
| 2023–2026 | Hybrid cloud, AI-embedded EHRs | Ambient AI scribes, generative AI note drafting, predictive analytics | 71% of hospitals use predictive AI in EHR; 31.5% deploy generative AI; Change Healthcare breach impacts 192.7M individuals |
Electronic Health Records (EHR) Adoption Statistics
EHR adoption in U.S. hospitals has reached saturation. The more granular question now is not whether hospitals have an EHR, but which capabilities they activate within it and whether those systems share data with outside providers.
Sources: ONC Data Brief (2024) for hospital EHR figures; American Medical Association / Pragmatic Coders for physician adoption; ONC/AHA IT Supplement Survey for AI module usage, cited in IntuitionLabs.ai report (Oct 2025).
Hospital EHR adoption went from fewer than 10% in 2008 to above 99% by 2024, a shift the ONC attributes directly to the HITECH Act's financial incentives and Meaningful Use requirements. The growth among physician offices followed a similar trajectory: 18% adoption in 2001 grew to 88% by 2021, based on physician survey data.
Near-universal certified EHR ownership does not equal functional interoperability. A hospital may hold a certified EHR and still fail to share records electronically with a patient's specialist. True data liquidity — records flowing across systems without fax machines or manual re-entry — remains an active policy and technical challenge despite ONC information-blocking rules.
EHR Adoption by Hospital Size and Type
Large urban and academic medical centers adopted EHRs earlier and have deeper functionality enabled. Small community hospitals, rural critical-access hospitals, and behavioral health facilities lagged through 2015 but have largely closed that gap in the years since. Psychiatric hospitals historically had the lowest adoption rates (15% in 2015) because they were initially ineligible for CMS Meaningful Use incentive programs.
AI in Healthcare: Adoption and Market Statistics
Artificial intelligence in clinical settings moved from pilot programs to standard deployment between 2021 and 2025. The data now available from the ONC's annual hospital surveys and from JAMA Network Open provides a more precise picture than prior years' estimates allowed.
Source: ONC/AHA Information Technology Supplement Survey (2024) for hospital figures, published via healthit.gov. AMA Digital Health survey (2024) for physician figures, cited in AMA publication ama-assn.org. Physician AI usage reported in IntuitionLabs.ai synthesis report, October 2025.
The 2024 JAMA Network Open study analyzed 2,253 hospital survey responses from the AHA IT Supplement. It found 55% of hospitals had integrated predictive AI and 31.5% had integrated generative AI into their EHR systems. Research from the same study noted that earlier adopters showed less rigorous AI evaluation processes, flagging the need for governance frameworks to accompany rapid deployment.
Where AI Is Being Deployed in Hospitals
Radiology & Imaging
Highest AI penetration. Models flag anomalies in chest X-rays, CT scans, and mammograms. FDA has cleared hundreds of AI/ML-enabled imaging devices.
Sepsis Detection
Predictive models score patient risk in real time. A Cleveland Clinic deployment of Bayesian Health's AI system achieved a 10-fold reduction in sepsis mortality, per published case data.
Ambient Documentation
AI scribes generate clinical notes from recorded patient-physician conversations. Estimated 1–2 hours per day recovered per physician in early deployment studies.
Revenue Cycle & Coding
Automated ICD-10 coding, prior authorization processing, and claim scrubbing reduce administrative cost and denial rates.
Staffing Optimization
Predictive models forecast patient census, allowing dynamic nurse scheduling and reducing costly agency staffing.
Large urban hospitals and academic medical centers report AI adoption rates above 80–90%. Small independent or rural hospitals frequently remain below 50%. The primary barriers cited in ONC data are budget constraints, limited IT staff, and inadequate broadband infrastructure.
Telemedicine and Virtual Care Adoption Statistics
The COVID-19 pandemic compressed what would have been a decade of telehealth adoption into about eighteen months. Telehealth visits went from roughly 15% of eligible encounters in early 2019 to above 86% at pandemic peak. Usage has since settled to a sustained baseline well above pre-pandemic levels.
Source: SecureVideo / National Library of Medicine for utilization figures (2025). Towards Healthcare for market sizing projections (2026). Roche Diagnostics / healthmanagement.org for European projections.
Telehealth by Specialty
Behavioral health leads all specialties in telehealth adoption. Mental health services were cited as the strongest driver of telehealth utilization in 2025 consumer surveys. Psychiatry and neurology follow as the next highest-penetration specialties, based on provider endorsement data. Chronic disease management — including cardiology and endocrinology — is the fastest-growing application for remote patient monitoring combined with virtual visits.
83% of clinicians supported telehealth use in 2025, and 90% of physicians expected continued telehealth growth, reflecting genuine care-delivery preference rather than pandemic-era necessity.
- Mental health demand: Limited psychiatry appointment availability makes virtual care the primary access point for many patients
- Rural access: Telehealth removes geographic barriers for patients far from specialists
- Chronic care management: Ongoing RPM integration reduces the need for in-person check-ins for stable conditions
- Reimbursement policy: Medicare telehealth flexibilities extended beyond the pandemic period through 2026 have maintained provider participation
- AI integration: Ambient AI documentation and triage tools are reducing virtual visit friction for both providers and patients
Healthcare Cybersecurity and Data Breach Statistics
Healthcare holds the record for the costliest data breaches of any industry, a position it has maintained for 14 consecutive years as of the IBM 2025 report. The reasons are structural: protected health information (PHI) commands high prices on illicit markets, healthcare organizations run complex connected infrastructure with long software update cycles, and regulatory penalties for breaches involving PHI are severe.
| Metric | Value | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthcare avg breach cost | $7.42M | 2025 | IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report |
| Healthcare avg breach cost (prior year) | $9.77M | 2024 | IBM / HIPAA Journal |
| Healthcare avg breach cost (2023) | $10.93M | 2023 | HIPAA Journal |
| Cost per compromised PHI record | $408 | 2025 | IBM / DataBreachCost.com |
| Global avg breach cost (all industries) | $4.44M | 2025 | IBM (first global decline in 5 years) |
| Large breaches (>1M records) in healthcare | 9 incidents | 2025 | HIPAA Journal |
| Healthcare incidents tracked (Verizon DBIR) | 1,710 incidents | 2025 | Verizon 2025 DBIR |
| AI-involved breaches (all industries) | 16% of all breaches | 2025 | IBM 2025 |
| Orgs lacking AI governance policy | 63% | 2025 | IBM 2025 |
| HIPAA max penalty per violation | $1.9M | 2025 | HIPAA Journal |
Source: IBM Security Cost of a Data Breach Report 2025 (published July 2025). HIPAA Journal analysis of IBM data. Verizon 2025 Data Breach Investigations Report. HHS Office for Civil Rights breach portal.
The 279-day average breach lifecycle in healthcare — five weeks longer than the global average — reflects the sector's detection challenges. Legacy medical devices, underinvested security operations, and complex third-party vendor relationships all extend the window between initial intrusion and containment. The Change Healthcare ransomware attack, which the HHS Office for Civil Rights confirmed affected approximately 192.7 million individuals, stands as the largest breach in the history of U.S. healthcare and underlines what a single third-party system compromise can cost at scale.
Healthcare has led all industries in average breach cost every year since IBM began publishing industry-specific data. The $7.42M average in 2025 — while down from the 2023 peak of $10.93M — is still 67% above the cross-industry global average of $4.44M. Ransomware and system intrusion overtook miscellaneous errors as the leading breach pattern in the sector (Verizon 2025 DBIR).
Regional HealthTech Adoption Metrics
| Region | Market Share / Position | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| North America | 38.6–43.2% global share (2025) | Highest EHR saturation; largest AI investment; mature telemedicine infrastructure; U.S. leads in per-breach cost ($10.22M) |
| Europe | Strong #2 position | NHS England committed $2.36B to EHR upgrades; GDPR and EU AI Act create strict data governance requirements; strong national health information exchange programs |
| Asia-Pacific | 17.81% of EHR revenue (2025); fastest-growing telehealth region | Rapid mobile health and AI diagnostics adoption in China, Japan, and Australia; government-led infrastructure programs accelerating deployment |
| Latin America | ~6.22% of EHR revenue (2025) | Gradual expansion through government digitization initiatives and increasing healthcare facility investment |
| Middle East & Africa | ~5.93% of EHR revenue (2025) | Highest breach costs outside the U.S. ($7.29M avg); telehealth and mobile health growing from low base |
EHR market regional revenue figures from IMARC Group / various market research via write.as aggregation (2025). U.S. and healthcare IT market share from Fortune Business Insights (2025). Breach cost by region from IBM 2025.
HealthTech Usage Across Medical Specialties
Radiology
Highest AI penetrationDiagnostic AI for imaging analysis has FDA clearances numbering in the hundreds. Radiology workflows were the first to receive production-grade AI assistance.
Psychiatry / Behavioral Health
Highest telehealth penetrationMental health accounted for the largest share of telehealth utilization in 2025. Demand for behavioral health services far exceeds in-person provider availability in most U.S. regions.
Cardiology
Highest wearable telemetry adoptionRemote ECG monitoring, implantable loop recorders, and continuous blood pressure wearables are standard in cardiac follow-up. Cardiology was the largest segment of AI remote patient monitoring by revenue (2023).
Pathology / Oncology
Rapid genomic tool growthGenomic sequencing platforms are entering routine oncology treatment planning. AI-assisted tumor classification and treatment response prediction are active deployment areas.
Primary Care
Highest AI scribe uptakeAmbient AI documentation tools are seeing fastest adoption in primary care, where documentation burden relative to visit volume is most acute and physician burnout risk is highest.
Clinician Burnout, Documentation Burden, and Tech Adoption
EHR documentation burden is the single most cited technology-related driver of physician burnout. Physicians consistently report spending more time on data entry than on direct patient interaction — a ratio that has worsened as EHR requirements grew more complex through Meaningful Use and quality reporting mandates.
Research across multiple health systems has documented that physicians spend 1–2 additional hours per day on EHR documentation outside of clinical hours, colloquially called "pajama time." Ambient AI scribe tools represent the primary technology response to this problem, with early adopters reporting meaningful reductions in after-hours documentation.
The AMA's 2024 digital health survey found 66% of U.S. physicians already using AI tools in practice — a 78% jump from 2023. That rate of adoption is faster than any prior digital health technology survey has recorded, suggesting ambient AI documentation tools are crossing from early-adopter to mainstream within a single year.
AI Documentation Time-Savings Estimator
This tool estimates the weekly hours a health system could recover by deploying ambient AI scribe technology, based on published figures from early clinical deployments reporting 1–2 hours saved per physician per day. Use it for rough planning purposes; actual outcomes depend heavily on specialty mix, workflow integration, and product maturity.
Hospital AI Documentation Time Savings Calculator
Patient Preferences for Digital Health Tools
Patient expectations for digital access have shifted substantially since 2020. Convenience, speed, and on-demand scheduling now rank ahead of geographic proximity as factors patients cite when selecting a provider, according to multiple consumer health surveys.
- Approximately 54% of Americans used telehealth at least once in the year prior to early 2025 surveys (SecureVideo / NLM)
- Patient portal adoption has grown alongside EHR penetration; most large health systems now report active portal usage in the range of 50–70% of registered patients
- Behavioral health patients show the strongest preference for fully virtual care, with many citing reduced stigma associated with receiving mental health treatment from home
- Digital pharmacy and prescription tracking services have seen consistent uptake as patients manage chronic conditions requiring regular refills
How to Evaluate Healthcare Technology Data
Not all healthcare statistics carry equal weight. The main variables to assess are the data collection method, sample composition, and how the study defines its scope.
| Data Type | Strengths | Limitations |
|---|---|---|
| Government surveys (ONC, AHA) | Large nationally representative samples; annual publication allows trend tracking | Survey response bias; lag time between data collection and publication |
| Vendor market reports (Gartner, IMARC) | Broad scope; forward-looking projections | Commercial incentive to size markets optimistically; scope definitions vary widely |
| Peer-reviewed studies (JAMA, NEJM) | Rigorous methodology; conflict-of-interest disclosure | Often single-site or limited cohort; slower publication cycle |
| Industry incident reports (IBM CODB, Verizon DBIR) | Primary data from actual incidents; consistent methodology year over year | Voluntary participation; larger organizations overrepresented |
| Self-reported clinician surveys (AMA, MGMA) | Captures attitudes, not just behavior; large physician sample sizes | Social desirability bias; respondents may over- or under-report AI use |
Mean vs. Median in Healthcare Financial Data
Healthcare financial metrics — breach costs, implementation costs, IT budgets — should be read with this distinction in mind. The IBM breach cost report uses mean averages. A single mega-breach costing hundreds of millions of dollars shifts the mean upward considerably. Community hospitals comparing their own risk profile against a mean heavily influenced by academic medical center breaches are comparing against a figure that may not reflect their actual exposure or budget context. Where available, median costs give a more representative view for small and mid-size facilities.
Strategic Takeaways for Healthcare Leaders
For healthcare executives translating these statistics into decisions, three themes repeat across the data.
First, AI deployment is no longer optional but governance is lagging. With 71% of hospitals already running predictive AI in their EHRs and 31.5% running generative AI, the question is no longer whether to deploy but how to evaluate, govern, and audit those tools. The JAMA study noted that early adopters showed less rigorous evaluation processes. IBM's 2025 breach data found 63% of breached organizations lacked AI governance policies. The gap between deployment speed and oversight rigor is the most material near-term risk.
Second, cybersecurity investment remains structurally insufficient relative to threat. The $7.42 million average healthcare breach cost and the 279-day average detection time both reflect organizations that have not invested in detection and response capabilities proportional to their attack surface. The Change Healthcare event demonstrated how a single third-party vendor's compromise can propagate across the entire sector.
Third, the documentation burden problem has a viable near-term solution. Ambient AI scribe tools are the first technology in a decade with strong physician acceptance data and demonstrated time recovery outcomes. Health systems that deploy these tools effectively stand to recapture meaningful physician time and reduce burnout-driven attrition — a human capital cost that dwarfs most technology investment budgets.
Data Sources and Methodology
| Source | Focus Area | Scope / Sample | Publication Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| ONC (Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT) | EHR adoption, interoperability, AI in hospitals | U.S. non-federal acute care hospitals; AHA survey (4,376 hospitals, 2024) | Annual data briefs |
| IBM Security | Data breach costs, AI-related threats | 550+ organizations across 17 industries, 16 countries | Annual (IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report) |
| Verizon | Breach patterns, incident classification | 30,000+ security incidents; 10,000+ confirmed disclosures | Annual (DBIR) |
| IMARC Group | Digital health market sizing | Global; 14 countries; primary and secondary research | Annual market reports |
| Fortune Business Insights | Healthcare IT market sizing | Global market; top-down and bottom-up methodology | Annual + quarterly updates |
| American Medical Association (AMA) | Physician AI and digital tool adoption | U.S. physicians; digital health survey panels | Annual digital health study |
| JAMA Network Open | AI in hospital EHRs | 2,253 U.S. hospitals (AHA IT Supplement 2024); peer-reviewed | Published December 2025 |
| Towards Healthcare / SecureVideo | Telehealth market and utilization | Global; consumer surveys and market synthesis | Periodic reports |
| HHS Office for Civil Rights (OCR) | HIPAA breach enforcement | U.S. healthcare sector; all reportable breaches (500+ individuals) | Continuous (public breach portal) |
| HIPAA Journal | Breach statistics analysis | HHS OCR data synthesis | Monthly and annual summaries |
Frequently Asked Questions
Healthcare technology statistics are quantitative measures covering the adoption, market size, financial performance, clinical impact, and security posture of digital tools used in medical settings. They span EHR adoption rates, AI penetration in hospitals, telehealth utilization, data breach costs, and investment flows into health IT companies. Reliable figures come from government agencies (ONC, HHS), industry associations (AMA, HIMSS), security firms (IBM, Verizon), and peer-reviewed journals (JAMA, NEJM).
The global digital health market was valued at $573.3 billion in 2025, according to IMARC Group's March 2026 report. The market is projected to reach $2.09 trillion by 2034, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 15%. North America held a 38.6% share in 2025. The narrower healthcare IT segment (excluding consumer wellness) was valued at $354 billion in 2025 by Fortune Business Insights, with a CAGR of 16.65% through 2034.
As of 2024, more than 99% of U.S. non-federal acute-care hospitals had adopted a certified electronic health record system, according to ONC data. This represents a tenfold increase since 2008, when fewer than 10% of hospitals used fully electronic systems. Adoption rates have remained consistently high since 2018 and show little variation by hospital size, ownership, or location. Office-based physician adoption reached 88% as of 2021 data.
Healthcare data breaches cost an average of $7.42 million per incident in 2025, according to IBM's Cost of a Data Breach Report. This is down from $9.77 million in 2024 but remains the highest of any industry studied, a position healthcare has held for 14 consecutive years. The U.S. breach cost across all industries hit a record $10.22 million in 2025. PHI costs approximately $408 per compromised record, versus a global average of $148 per record across industries.
Healthcare technology reduces costs through several mechanisms. Automated billing and coding reduces claim denials and administrative labor. Predictive analytics prevent costly readmissions by identifying at-risk patients before discharge. Remote patient monitoring reduces emergency department visits for stable chronic conditions. AI-assisted sepsis detection, as demonstrated at Cleveland Clinic, reduces intensive care costs. Ambient AI documentation tools recover 1–2 physician hours per day, reducing after-hours labor costs and burnout-driven attrition.
The main barriers are: (1) interoperability, as EHR systems from different vendors still do not share data seamlessly despite FHIR mandates; (2) cybersecurity risk, as healthcare is the most targeted and most expensive industry for data breaches; (3) clinician burnout from documentation overload, partially caused by the same EHR systems meant to help; (4) adoption gaps between large health systems and small rural practices, which lack IT budgets; and (5) AI governance, with 63% of breached organizations lacking AI governance policies as of 2025.
Editorial Note: Healthcare technology regulations, market valuations, and software capabilities evolve rapidly. The statistics on this page are gathered from official government health agencies, industry associations, and leading market research reports available as of the September 2026 review date. This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical, legal, or financial advice. Figures representing market projections are estimates from independent research organizations and will be revised as annual actuals are published.
Related Statistics on Statistics Fundamentals
These pages on this site provide the statistical foundations frequently applied in healthcare technology research and clinical data analysis.
Hypothesis Testing Examples
The statistical framework behind clinical trial design and drug efficacy evaluation. Used in healthcare AI validation studies.
Correlation vs. Causation
Critical for interpreting health IT ROI claims and vendor case studies that conflate coincidence with demonstrated causal outcomes.
Sensitivity & Specificity
The standard metrics for evaluating AI diagnostic algorithms, screening tests, and clinical decision support tools.
Statistics in Medical Research
How p-values, confidence intervals, and effect sizes are used in clinical trials and health outcomes research.
Hypothesis Testing in Clinical Trials
Application of statistical tests to drug approval, device clearance, and treatment comparison studies.
Incidence vs. Prevalence
Foundational epidemiological measures that underpin disease burden calculations used to justify health IT investment.